At the onset of the removal era in the 1800s, the Menominee and Ho-Chunk Nations of Wisconsin signed land treaties with several Indigenous nations from New York State including the Oneida Nation and the Six Nations Confederacy. This groundbreaking book presents a careful, often first-person-sourced account of the how, why, and for whom these treaties were made and how the federal government’s failure and unwillingness to acknowledge their legitimacy led to the further Indigenous land loss.